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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Consumption: Biological Mechanisms of Stress Resilience to Subsequent Alcohol Consumption

Key Takeaways

  • Susceptible versus resilient phenotypes appear across multiple preclinical models of stress, including stress periods in both early life and adulthood.
  • There are distinct sex differences in reactivity to stress and subsequent alcohol consumption behaviors.
  • Enhanced connectivity and neuroanatomic integrity in essential brain circuits may underlie resilience to stress and provide...

Perspective on Using Artificial Intelligence in Alcohol Research and Treatment: Opportunities and Ethical Considerations

Key Takeaways

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential for improving recruitment, retention, and data analysis in alcohol research using human participants.
  • AI may also improve the effectiveness and accessibility of evidence-based treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD).
  • The empirical literature examining ways in which AI can be implemented in AUD treatment and alcohol research...

Alcohol’s Effects on the Lung and Lung Disease

Key Takeaways

  • Chronic alcohol consumption disrupts the mechanical functions of the lungs, leading to impaired mucus-facilitated clearance, increased aspiration, and impairment of the alveolar epithelium barrier.
  • Alcohol misuse suppresses tissue recruitment of neutrophils, impairs alveolar macrophages, and decreases the number of dendritic cells and circulating lymphocytes, all of which increase...

A Narrative Review of Alcohol Prevention Interventions Among Older Adults

Key Takeaways

  • Older adults born from 1924 to 1945 (The Silent Generation) had strong responses to primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol prevention interventions, particularly those that involved a physician (i.e., a physician delivered the intervention or followed up regarding alcohol use), with multiple contacts over time, and across decades of life. However, Baby Boomers did not respond as...

Mechanisms Underlying Hazardous Alcohol Use After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Key Takeaways

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in behavioral and physiological symptoms that develop acutely and persist for years after the initial injury, including increased hazardous alcohol use.
  • Neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neuroendocrine alterations, aberrant dopamine signaling, and deficits in executive function and reward-processing may contribute to the mechanisms by...

Alcohol Use and Its Associations With Frailty, Fractures, and Falls Among Older Adults With HIV

Key Takeaways

  • The population of people with HIV (PWH) is rapidly aging and faces unique physical and mental health challenges.
  • Alcohol misuse (i.e., either drinking above recommended limits or presence of alcohol use disorder) is prevalent among older PWH and poses substantial risks to health.
  • Greater alcohol use is associated with higher risk of frailty, fractures, and falls among older PWH...

Nonconceptus Mechanisms of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure That Disrupt Embryo-Fetal Development: An Integrative View

Key Takeaways

  • Alcohol targets not just the embryo and fetus (i.e., the conceptus) but also the mother, biological father, placenta, and maternal microbiome to further disrupt embryo–fetal development.
  • Alcohol reprograms the maternal enteric microbiota and causes persistent alterations in the offspring’s microbiota, with potentially adverse consequences for the offspring’s immune system, gut mucosa...

Noncoding RNA and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps

Key Takeaways

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) dominate the genomes of mammals, including humans, and epigenetically transduce the effects of the environment into all cells and tissues.
  • Understanding of the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is in its infancy.
  • Most of the research has focused on very few classes of ncRNAs, mainly on microRNAs.
  • Research has mainly focused on...

Beyond the Brain: The Physical Health and Whole-Body Impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Key Takeaways

  • Recent clinical evidence integrated with the lived experiences of adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) highlights the range of physical health challenges people can experience.
  • Recent research suggests that comorbid physical health conditions may be associated with PAE across the life span for individuals with FASD. These conditions include metabolic...
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